![]() The esophagus then passes the food into the stomach, where enzymes start to break down the food. When the frog swallows, it passes food from the oral cavity and pharynx into the esophagus. The maxillary teeth and the vomerine teeth located on the roof of its mouth do not chew: a frog swallows its meal whole. The frog’s retractable tongue catches prey and brings it into the oral cavity. The forelimb muscles extend and flex the bones in the forelimbs, and the hind limbs help the frog jump.īetween the forelimbs and the hindlimbs, the pectoralis, latissimusdorsi, and dorsalis scapulae help to move the forelimbs, the rectus abdominis flexes the vertebral column, and the longissimus dorsi extend the vertebral column and raise the frog’s head. The frog’s many forelimb and hindlimb muscles connect to the bones within the forelimbs and hindlimbs. The bones in a frog’s feet are elongated, giving the frog more surface area to push off from when it jumps.Ī frog’s mouth and jaw are moved by the temporalis, submaxillary, masseter, and depressor mandibulae muscles, which work to elevate and lower the mandible and open and close its mouth. The frog’s ankles are made of two rows of tarsalsįive metatarsals extend out from the tarsals, and the phalanges extend from the metatarsals. The frog’s back legs consist of a femur and a tibio-fibula bone. The pelvic bones articulate with the hind limbs, acting as a spring to help the frog jump. The last vertebra, the sacral vertebra, fuses with the pelvic girdle to form a structure called the urostyle. The frog’s vertebral column protects the spinal cord and supports the head, and it consists of nine vertebrae. Four metacarpals extend from the carpals and end with phalanges, aka toes.įrog bone Flashcard made with Visible Biology. The front limbs consist of a humerus and a radio-ulna, and the frog’s wrist bones, or carpals, articulate with the radio-ulna. The body and forelimbs are supported by a series of bones we might recognize from their human body equivalents: the suprascapula bones attach to the scapulae, which connect the clavicle bones to the sternum. The frog’s skull is broad and flat, encasing and protecting the brain, and it uses its mandible (lower jaw) and the maxillary teeth of its upper jaw to hold on to prey. Next, let’s move on to the skeletal system. The spleen removes old red blood cells and stores mature blood cells. The sinus venosus is attached to the right atrium and branches into the anterior vena cava and posterior vena cava which branch into other veins. The truncus arteriosus projects out of the ventricle and splits into three aortic arches which branch into other arteries. T he system of veins and arteries throughout the frog’s body carries blood to and from the heart. The skin and lungs provide oxygenated blood to the left atrium, and veins supply deoxygenated blood to the right atrium. The ventricle pumps blood through the aortas, where it’s then pushed through the body, and it pumps blood through the pulmonary vessels, where it moves to the lungs. The frog’s heart is made of three chambers: the left atrium, the right atrium, and the ventricle. Frogs vocalize when air passes through the vocal cords. The vocal cords are located inside the larynx. Air then travels through the oral cavity to the glottis, a slit that opens into the larynx, where the air then moves into the lungs. On land, they take in air through the nostrils. When the frog is in water, respiration takes place exclusively through the skin. The frog’s skin is also semi-permeable, which means that it can absorb water and oxygen, and it can release water and carbon dioxide. The skin is kept moist thanks to glands located throughout the dermis that secrete watery mucus. The frog’s skin consists of two layers: the dermis (the deepest layer) and the epidermis (the outer layer). ![]() The frog’s skin (or integumentary system) performs protection and respiratory functions. Integumentary System and Respiratory System This ribbit-ing blog post will walk through the frog model in Visible Biology and explore frog anatomy along the way. ![]() Through Courseware, instructors can use groundbreaking 3D models of biological concepts to create Flashcards, interactive Tours, dissection quizzes, and more! Visible Biology is available through Courseware, Visible Body’s LMS that can be used as standalone or integrated with Canvas or Blackboard.
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